Process of extracting oils, fats, etc.



Aug. 12, 1924.4

' B. R. TUNISON PROCESS 0F' EXTRACTING OILS, FATS, ETC

Filed Av1-11 12, 1920 Pneaaaug. 12, 1924.

#UNITED STA-T Es' APeil'illrrrf1F-Fic amant a. 'rumsomjor Yoan, N. Y., assrcnoa'ro U. s. -rnnosraran menor. A

C0., COBPOBATIONF 'WEST'VIRG. l

` recense or ons, aars, here;`

Appuqeaeamea apra is, ieeo.. celtici no. 'atascat Be it known that L'BURNELL a citizen of the United '-States, residing at Niew'Yorhin the county of New York and State of New York, have .invented acertain new and useful Improvement in Processes-of Extracting Oils, Fats,Etc'., of which the fol-v' lowing is a.specification.` vMy' invention relates4 process of extracting oils, fats, and similar materials, and is applicable to the .recovery of oily, fatty, and waxy materials from vmany different materials.

" traction processes have been used, but many The object of myinvention is provide a process by means of'which the substances, above referred to, ma be recovered from many diierent materia s' in an advantageous *mannerA and without the marked :disadvan- 2dtages which. have previously accompanied extraction processes. Hitherto, varlous ex-l ."F-"difliculties have developed therein arising from the production of emulsions with the '..water present, and from the 'necessit of usingsolvents which are volatile, as wel as combustible, and therefore dangerous, and which are often veryl expensive. The object of my invention is to avoid these disadvan-` tages b using as a solvent one or more esters'a cohols, ethers, and ketones alone or Y. mixed together, which are of such a charactervthat'the solvent will readily .mingle .wththe solid materials. from` which the aforesaid 'substancesare to beextracted, n ct-4 withstanding 4the presence of a largepercentage of water` therein, without the forma- -tion of vemulsions, therewith, said solvent having' a boiling point higher `than the boil-V ingdpoint of many. of the solvents previously use j and not being of a very inflammable character? The object is to use" a solvent solvent havin which can thereafter also be readilyfsepw.

` rated from the other substancestaken up by it from the materials 'subjected to the extrac-` tion process. Furthermore, by 'theg'use 'of a a somewhat. higher boiling.

` oint than in t e case ofmany of thev solvents i i ormerly nsed, there is a much-smaller loss of the solvent'- due to leaka'ges, inthe appara# tus, and the danger of combustion' is; 'conf' sequently'ia'uch' less than would otherwise be thecase.' -A further'objectis lto use 'ajsoi-j Rf. Temeon,-

particularly to aA providing a s lvent mixture which is conside erabl-y less mamm'able' even than the solvent constituents which form the'constant- Still 'anboilingmixture with the water. other object is to remove inthisway much of the water-'present in 'the materials treated,

.c which .in other processes would be an additlonal sourceof expense owing tothe necessity of extracting the same initially in the l i extraction process. Again a further object is to use ethyl acetate as one of the solvent constituents, notwithstanding its great avid-A ity forr water. i

vFurther objects of my invention will appear from the detailed description thereof 'contained hereinafter.

' While my invention is capable of embodilment in many different forms, for the pura` l'pose' o'f illustration I shall describe only cer-l tam formso-m invention hereinafter, and

nection with myv invention.

For example, in carrying out my invention, my process-may be applied to the extractlon of mineral, vegetable, animal, or es sential oils, as well as ats,waxes, alkaloids,

drugs, and similar materials from seeds,

skins, wool, and fabrics of all kinds includ,- ing woven fabrics,etc.

'In the case where cottonseed meal isitc4 be treated Vfor the extraction ofthe cotton seed cil contained therein, a quantity of the meal which might contain 7 -or 8%-v by l 'weight' of water is lintroduced into an ex'- traction vessel-.1 through a manhole 4-Zand is adapta. to" be removed therefrom by.

4vesscl1 14 is 'enclosedzwithn a solvent .vessel 5, thecontentsjof which may be heatedby 'a steam-coil 6, .arranged -forthe application of.,=rfindi1ect f heat-itc the solvent mixture.

The solvent' mixture contafuuedA in thesolvent -5 .isf` refemblyt comprised 'o'ff' 83% vent which form w1th water a constant'fial boiling'mixture, 'so that tliefwater will, moetv eifectively evaporate .with` the solvent, thi

wei htlo .ethyl'acetata 8% by weight of im- @59% 5 ough' th percentages'o the constituents 'vary tol considerable extent. The

Vmeans of a door-"3. In the bottom of' the extraction thus into the extraction vessel- 1, which is open at thetop, and when the level of the solvent mixture in said extraction vessel 1 reaches a point near the top thereof, a siphon 11 leadlng from the bottom of the vessel 1 to the vessel 5 will siphon off the quantity of the solvent mixture contained in the extraction vessel 1, and the solvent mixturelwill then again. accumulate in the vessel l'until 1t is again drawn 0E in a similar manner, the proceeding intermittently in accordance with `the principle of the -ino ' retained in the storage chamber 21 Soxhlet apparatus, until the extraction lis complete. In the Siphon 11 there is a bypass cock 12 to permit the continuous flow Aof the solvent mixture from the vessel l to the vessel. 5 when desired. Any vapors of the solvent mixture which are not condensed in the reflux condenser pass outwardly therefrom by a tube 13 into a coil 18 of a condenser 19 having a partition 20 near the bottom of the same to vprovide a storage receptacle 21 in which the solvent mixture will accumulate, and from which `storage chamber the solvent mixture may be drawn off from time to time by means of a valved outlet ipe 22 discharging through a perfora p1 23 into the top of theextraction vessel 1. t will be understood that above the partition 20, there is maintained a body of water to cool the'coil 18 and passing outwardly through the body of. water, leadmg. from the storage chamber 21, lthere is a vent pipe 24 to prevent the accumulation of any undue pressure in the chamber 21. A cou ling member 25 is provided as shown, er to connect the tube 13 with the condenser coil. When the cotton seed meal has been completely extracted in lthis manner by the intermittent lflow of bodies of the solvent mixture therethrough, the a plication of heat through vthe coil 6 is discontinued, andlive steam is introduced into the extraction Avessel 1, so as to drive oli' the remainder of the solvent mixture includin r the water present, which is then cau ht an or further use. In this way, the'solvent mixture may be used-over a in a number of times for the treatment o a nlunber of quantities of the materials to be extracted. When the quantity of water taken up by the solvent mixture is greater than .found desirable,

the solvent mixture remaining in the cham- -oily materials, but

land alcoho Lacasse ber 5 may be heated by the coil 6 to drive off the constant boiling solvent mixture, and s0 as to collect the entire quantit of the same in the chamber 21, after w ich the residual, fatty, and oily materials, as Well as the. excess water, may be drawn off by the cock 7 and separated by decantation. In treating` the cotton'seed meal, it will be found that emulsions will not be formed, notwithstanding the large quantity of water that may be present therein, but that there will be an exceedingly rapid extraction o the cotton seed oil, owing not only to ready miscibility of the ethyl acetate, water, and

also to the effective dialysis o f the ethyl acetate through the cells of the seeds. Also', in this process, inasmuch as the constant boiling mixture of ethyl acetate may be used, lan extraction medium is utilized which may be a by-product from the utilization of ethyl acetate in other industries, as for example, the production of s and coatings in which ethyl acetate has been used as a solvent.

In the above solvent mixture the alcohol may be4 absent or substituted by any other liquid which would not be detrimental to' the solvent action of the ethyl acetate, as for example benzol. Also, instead of the ethyl acetate, I may substitute one or more other solvents that may have a similar action, as for example, one or more esters other than ethyl acetate, one or more alcohols other than alcohol and one or more ethers or ketones. For example, instead of the ethylacetate, I may use benzol, amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, iso-butyl alcohol or iso-propyl alcohol.

While I have described my invention above in detail, I wish itto be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit thereof.

I claim:

1. In a process of extracting oily material from associated material, the step which consists in treating the maw with a solvent that is composed of a constant boilingmixture of ethylacetate, alcohol, and. water.

,2. The process of extractin cotton seed meal with a mixture of ethy acetate and aqueous alcohol.

3. Thepnocess of extracting cotton seed meal with a constant boiling mixture of ethyl acetate, alcohol and water.

4. The process of extracting oily material with a mixture comprisingethyl acetate distilling olf from the mixture the constant boiling mixture or' ethylI acetate, alcohol, and water, and re-using this distillate for further extraction of the oily material.

5. The process of treatinv cotton seed oil comprising extracting it with a mixture conta1n1n let yl acetate and alcohol, removing the so vent with the extracted material contraction, and separating the oil yfrom the' Water remaining in the residuum from said distillation.

6. The process of extracting oily material with a ternary mixture comprising two oil solvents and Water, distilling| oil' 'from the aforesaid mixture a constant boiling mixture of the three ingredients, and extracting the oily material with vthe distillate so obtained.

7. The process of extracting oily material with a ternary mixture comprising a solvent ester and another solvent not detrimental to the solvent action of the ester, and Water; distilling oill from the mixture a constant boiling mixture of' the three ingredients;

and re-using the distillate so obtained for further extraction of the oily material.

`8. In a process of extracting oily material, the step consisting in treating it with a constant boiling mixture of Water and an oil solvent that is non-inflammable and has a relatively high boiling point.

9. The process of extracting cotton seed oilWith Aa boiling mixture comprising ethyl acetate and alcohol, and distilling oil' a constant boiling. mixture of ethyl acetate, alcohol and water for reuse in the extracting process.

10. The process of treating cotton seed oil comprising extracting it with a boiling mixture containing ethyl acetate and a cohol, removing the solvent with the extracted material contained therein, distilling oi a constant boiling mixture of ethyl acetate, alcohol and water, reusing this distillate for further extraction, `and Separating the oil 'from the Water remaining in thefresiduum from said distillation.

11. The process of extracting oily material with a boiling mixture comprising ethyl acetate and. ethyl alcohol, and distilling ofi' a Aconstant boiling mixture oi ethyl acetate, alcohol and water for reuse in the extracting process.

12. The process of treating oily material comprising extracting it with a boilin mixture containing ethyl acetate and a cohol, removing the solvent with the extracted material contained therein, distilling 0E a constant boiling mixture of ethyl acetate, alcohol and water, reusngthis distillate for further extraction, and' separating the oil from the Water remaining in the residuum from said distillation.

l13. The process of extracting rial with a mixture comprising an oil solvent that is non-inflammable and high boiling, and water; distilling off from said mixture a constant boiling mixture of the ingredients; and extracting the oily material with the distillate so obtained.

'14. The process of extracting oily mate-- rial with a constant boiling mixture of ethyl acetate, alcohol, and Water.

In testimony that I claim the'fore I have hereunto set my hand this llt of March, 1920. i

BURNELL R. TUNISON.

omg,

oily mateday 

